According to Official Guinness Records,
The most participants on a single-player online videogame is 1,165,140, and was achieved by the Twitch community "Twitch Plays Pokemon" who played Pokemon Red (Game Freak, 1996) from 12 February to 1 March 2014.
For a complete list of 2014 records, please visit 2014 Guinness Records in United States.