According to Official Guinness Records,
The fastest marathon dribbling a basketball is 3 hours, 0 minutes and 25 seconds, and was achieved by Raphael Igrisianu (Germany) in Düsseldorf, Germany, on 30 April 2017. Raphael wanted to attempt this record as he wanted to do something different alongside other runners.
For a complete list of 2017 records, please visit 2017 Guinness Records in Germany.